{"id":34874,"date":"2017-05-10T14:18:18","date_gmt":"2017-05-10T18:18:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/?p=34874"},"modified":"2017-06-08T09:19:02","modified_gmt":"2017-06-08T13:19:02","slug":"digital-craftsmanship-in-stone-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/digital-craftsmanship-in-stone-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Digital craftsmanship in stone design"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Photo \u00a9 2016 Amesse Photography<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

by Dan Rea
\n<\/strong>Modern technology has made its mark on stone design as well as fabrication. Today, project teams taking advantage of technology are experiencing increased freedom in control of the design concept, from development through to fabrication. Additionally, many improvements in quality control and greater accuracy of the stone\u2019s shaping, final fit, and finish are possible.<\/p>\n

High-tech fabrication techniques, including 3D modeling, sandblasting, and computer numeric control (CNC) capabilities, are changing stone fabrication. While the technology to accomplish this is advanced, it is not cost-prohibitive. Further, the process reduces fabrication time, often making custom designs more cost-efficient to achieve.<\/p>\n

An overview of case study examples\u2014including a church in Virginia, a museum in the capital, and a Boston hospital\u2014demonstrates how technology enables realization of a design team\u2019s vision.<\/p>\n

3D modeling assists renovation
\n<\/strong>Renovation projects where existing materials and designs must be matched can bring a host of challenges technology can help meet. A case in point is the St. Francis of Assisi Catholic Church renovation in Staunton, Virginia, completed by architect Frazier Associates. The church needed to replace an existing limestone fa\u00e7ade, and its serpentine, hand-built design presented a reproduction challenge. Granite fabricated with exact precision through modern 3D modeling technology provided the ideal solution to preserve the Franciscan legacy in the community.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
A proprietary green granite met the color and durability requirements for St. Francis of Assisi Catholic Church in Staunton, Virginia. <\/span>
Photo \u00a9 Tim Hoysradt Photography<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The church was constructed in 1895 to accommodate Staunton\u2019s booming Irish Catholic population. To pay tribute to the parish\u2019s Irish heritage, a green limestone was selected for the Gothic-style building. More than 100 years later, the limestone had deteriorated to such an extent, safety had become an issue. Catch-guards were necessary at various locations around the church to intercept falling stones. Renovation was imperative, so the church initiated fundraising efforts and began making plans to provide a match to the existing architecture and create a durable structure able to stand the test of time.<\/p>\n

The original green limestone was no longer available, but church members desired that the new stone to remain in the same color family as the old. A material with a longer lifespan was also desired. The church began searching for a close match to the existing limestone and found a proprietary green granite to be an ideal material. The granite\u2019s supplier and fabricator also offered the technology necessary to replicate the meandering existing pattern. In 2013, to provide a visual representation of the end result, the granite supplier and fabricator provided a mockup of the project in this granite for the church to place on display.<\/p>\n

The church\u2019s exterior renovation finally began in the spring of 2015. Originally built by hand, many of the limestone pieces were not square, and joints varied in size. Correctly matching the existing pattern presented a true challenge.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
To match the serpentine pattern of the church’s original 120-year-old stones, the granite fabricator used 3D scanning technology. <\/span>
Image courtesy Coldspring<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

To replicate the twisting pattern of the 120-year-old stones, the granite fabricator employed 3D scanning technology. A complete scan of the church produced a 3D model, which was then converted into the 2D documents, in turn used to trace the pieces. Next, the fabricator used the 2D drawings to create a 3D model. These extensive efforts ensured the new fa\u00e7ade would replicate the existing one with accuracy.<\/p>\n

Despite the advanced scanning technology, some details could not be detected from the outside of the church. For example, some areas of the building were not visible from the ground, where the scan was performed. To meet this challenge and fully duplicate the pieces, photos and field measurements were taken. Piece size and joint variations were reconciled during the drafting process.<\/p>\n

This technology was essential when looking for replication of an existing appearance in a restoration project. The other option would have been to provide blanks or sticks to the jobsite and have everything cut to fit onsite. However, with lack of space and continued use of the church, this was not a viable option; the staging area for this project was a small parking lot.<\/p>\n

In total, 6706 granite pieces\u2014each measuring 65,550 mm3<\/sup> (4 ci)\u2014were produced and installed at St. Francis of Assisi, which was completed in May 2016. Bishop Francis DiLorenzo celebrated with a mass to commemorate the renovation\u2019s completion. The years of planning, fundraising, and execution were worth the wait, and St. Francis remains one of the most beautiful structures in downtown Staunton\u2014a heritage preserved for many years to come.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Granite fabricated through 3D modeling technology provided the solution to preserve the church’s legacy and unique design <\/span>
Photo \u00a9 Tim Hoysradt Photography<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Modeling and CNC shape museum hardscape
\n<\/strong>In September 2016, after nearly 10 years of planning and fundraising efforts, the Smithsonian Institution opened its new museum in Washington, D.C. The National Museum of African American Culture and History (NMAAHC) is the only museum dedicated to documenting the history, lives, and culture of African Americans. It features granite hardscape elements, which relied on 3D modeling technology and CNC fabrication.<\/p>\n

Located on a 2-ha (5-acre) site on the National Mall\u2014between the National Museum of American History and the Washington Monument\u2014the museum encompasses 29,970 m2<\/sup> (322,600 sf), with five levels above-grade and four below.<\/p>\n

The museum\u2019s design is distinctive among other structures on the National Mall. Its fa\u00e7ade consists of 3600 customized, cast-aluminum panels known as the Corona. These bronze-colored panels call to mind the craftsmanship of enslaved workers in the pre-Civil War cities of Charleston and New Orleans, and create a distinctive impression for NMAAHC, representing traditional African architecture. Three architecture firms\u2014the Freelon Group, Davis Brody Bond, and SmithGroup\u2014worked on the museum.<\/p>\n

Just as the museum\u2019s architecture makes a unique design statement, its landscape design also distinguishes it among nearby museums and monuments, incorporating it into the larger configuration of the National Mall. According to GGN, the project\u2019s landscape architect, \u201cThe site is designed to encourage visitors to extend the museum experience outside and to linger and reflect on the important narratives being told within.\u201d<\/p>\n

Granite played an important role in meeting the project\u2019s design goals, about 3437 m2<\/sup> (37,000 sf) of black granite in various finishes was used for hardscape elements such as paving, wall facing, wall coping, steps, curbs, benches, and bollards. Most of the stones for the project were modeled in 3D software, which allowed the fabricator to coordinate with the landscape architect and ensure the designs met expectations. Due to the project\u2019s complex nature, an extensive amount of coordination between the fabricator\u2019s drafting team and the architect was needed to ensure the 3D models were accurate before fabrication. Once the design team approved the fabricator\u2019s drawings and models, the fabricator converted them into a file for use on a five-axis CNC machine.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
The NMAAHC’s bench seats feature black granite in a polish finish. <\/span>
Photos \u00a9 DC Real Estate Photo<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

CNC technology was critical for creating the intricately crafted cubic wall of black granite encompassing the site\u2019s perimeter. Most of the museum\u2019s walls feature a highly polished finish, but a combination of polished coping and honed granite finish was selected for its north wall, which also serves as the main entrance. This wall spans approximately 103 m (340 ft) across the front of the museum, running parallel to Constitution Avenue. The less-polished finish was selected due to concerns over too much reflection off the wall at the highly traveled entrance.<\/p>\n

Fabrication of the granite pieces for the north wall proved particularly challenging because of the wall\u2019s slight radius and continuous bullnose. The fabricator had to produce each of these stones at precisely the same thickness to ensure an exact alignment at installation. Most of the wall\u2019s cap pieces were milled by the fabricator\u2019s five-axis CNC machine, then finished by hand to create the bullnose. With multiple workers applying a bullnose to hundreds of pieces, accomplishing the precision required for alignment required an exceptional level of coordination and craftsmanship.<\/p>\n

Varying finishes were also used for additional granite elements at the site. The museum\u2019s bench seats employ a polish finish, and the curbing features the same honed granite finish as the north wall. The paving\u2014encompassing 2322 m2<\/sup> (25,000 sf) of granite\u2014and stair treads use a proprietary slip-resistant finish.<\/p>\n

Modeling most of this project in 3D software allowed the fabricator to coordinate with the architect and make sure all parties were getting exactly what they wanted prior to fabrication. Using 3D drawing capabilities for a project like this provides virtually endless possibilities, and can help streamline the fabrication process.<\/p>\n

Sandblasting achieves intricate imagery
\n<\/strong>When a project\u2019s design calls for images to be etched into stone, high-tech sandblasting capabilities can bring the artist\u2019s vision to life. Such was the case with the granite entrance to Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, where an intricate dot-matrix stenciling and sandblast process transferred an artist\u2019s images to polished gray-black stone. The architecture firm for this project was Mikyoung Kim Design.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
CNC technology was critical for creating the cubic wall of black granite encompassing the National Museum of African American Culture and History’s (NMAAHC’s) perimeter in Washington, D.C.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Titled \u201cPlayful Nature in the City,\u201d the 111-m2<\/sup> (1200-sf) L-shaped wall greets visitors to the hospital with playful images of animals and foliage. The intricate \u2018hide-and-seek\u2019 design includes dragonflies, butterflies, and flowers, and provides a different view with each experience.<\/p>\n

To achieve the complex etchings, the stone fabricator took the artist\u2019s images in a vector format and then converted them to a mask, which was applied to the stone. Through the sandblasting process, various shades of gray were produced and recessed into the stone. White paint provided highlights and added depth.<\/p>\n

More than 200 pieces of granite were created, with unique images on each piece. Each adjacent piece had to be carefully laid out and lined up to ensure the image flowed correctly across the entire wall.<\/p>\n

Stone selection is a critical decision for a sandblast project. Typically, a dark-colored stone is used to create an effective and necessary contrast against the images inscribed into the stone. At Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, black granite provides such a contrast, offering the ideal background to allow images of animals and foliage to shine through. Additionally, this granite\u2019s grain structure and stark gray-black color appeal to many artists. The stone\u2019s consistent appearance in many different finishes allows designers to achieve a contrast in color without the use of different stones. In addition to the feature entrance wall, the project includes more than 167 m2<\/sup> (1800 sf) of surrounding curbing in the same stone.<\/p>\n

Conclusion
\n<\/strong>As designers continue realizing the benefits of technology, the demand for digital craftsmanship in stone design is expected to rise. The abundance of equipment in the marketplace will likely lead to lower prices. As such, the design world will have more opportunities than ever to see fine, detailed stone work in more market segments and more applications. Ultimately, the industry will see more use of sustainable, natural stone materials in project design.<\/p>\n

Dan Rea is senior vice president of sales and marketing for Coldspring. He is also a member of MIA+BSI: The Natural Stone Institute, and served as president of the Marble Institute of America (MIA) in 2015. He can be reached via e-mail at drea@coldspringusa.com<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Modern technology has made its mark on stone design as well as fabrication. Today, project teams taking advantage of technology are experiencing increased freedom in control of the design concept, from development through to fabrication.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":34891,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[520,8,179,449,184,246,489,460,507,510,463],"tags":[3493,3494,1237,95,938,3064,941,154,3290,3309],"class_list":["post-34874","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-features","category-top-trending","category-masterformat","category-uniformat","category-04-00-00-masonry","category-04-40-00-stone-assemblies","category-b2010exterior-walls","category-b20exterior-vertical-enclosures","category-c2010wall-finishes","category-c2040stair-finishes","category-c20interior-finishes","tag-3d-modeling","tag-computer-numeric-control","tag-division-04","tag-facade","tag-granite","tag-massachusetts","tag-sandblasting","tag-stone","tag-virginia","tag-washington","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDigital craftsmanship in stone design - The Construction Specifier<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/digital-craftsmanship-in-stone-design\/\" \/>\n<link rel=\"next\" href=\"https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/digital-craftsmanship-in-stone-design\/2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Digital craftsmanship in stone design - The Construction Specifier\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Modern technology has made its mark on stone design as well as fabrication. 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