{"id":36648,"date":"2017-06-02T09:45:13","date_gmt":"2017-06-02T13:45:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/?p=36648"},"modified":"2017-06-09T10:30:24","modified_gmt":"2017-06-09T14:30:24","slug":"reflecting-on-the-suitability-of-cool-pavements","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/reflecting-on-the-suitability-of-cool-pavements\/","title":{"rendered":"Reflecting on the suitability of cool pavements"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_36649\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-36649\" style=\"width: 439px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bigstock-172357433.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-36649\" src=\"https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bigstock-172357433-300x240.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"439\" height=\"351\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bigstock-172357433-300x240.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bigstock-172357433-768x614.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bigstock-172357433-500x400.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bigstock-172357433.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 439px) 100vw, 439px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-36649\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Pavements with high solar reflectance are generally considered to have positive effects on cities\u2019 air quality and energy consumption. However, it is also important to consider the full life cycle of such products.<\/span> <br \/><em>Photo \u00a9 BigStockPhoto<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lbl.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory<\/a> (LBNL) and the <a href=\"https:\/\/energy.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Department of Energy<\/a> (DOE) are putting some heat on the concept of \u2018cool\u2019 pavements, exploring whether the energy savings they offer throughout their life cycles outbalance their emissions. The organizations\u2019 study examines not just short-term benefits of such pavements, but also their long-term effects.<\/p>\n<p>According to previous studies, cool pavements reduce average outside air temperature by approximately 0.5 C (0.9 F), with the exact cooling effect varying by city conditions and pavement extent. They are also said to contribute to reducing smog and ozone concentration. Typically, cement concrete is thought of as \u2018reflective,\u2019 given its lighter color and higher albedo (<em>i.e.<\/em> solar reflectance). Its more-common counterpart, asphalt concrete, is darker and reflects less sunlight.<\/p>\n<p>In this study, the manufacturing, installation, use, and disposal of both cool and conventional pavements were observed over a span of 50 years. The research was funded by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arb.ca.gov\/homepage.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Air Resources Board<\/a> (CARB) and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dot.ca.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Department of Transportation<\/a> (Caltrans), and conducted by:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>LBNL\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/heatisland.lbl.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Heat Island Group<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ucprc.ucdavis.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">University of California Pavement Research Center<\/a> (UCPRC);<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usc.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">University of Southern California<\/a> (USC); and<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thinkstep.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">thinkstep<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>UCPRC and thinkstep calculated each material\u2019s energy use and emissions, while LBNL ran simulations of building energy consumption and USC created a regional climate model. It was discovered that while high albedo (<em>i.e.<\/em> solar reflectance) has the short-term effects of directing less sunlight to buildings and mitigating outdoor air temperature, the embodied energy of high-albedo materials tends to exceed the savings they provide in the long term.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis study provides an important perspective on the trade-offs of cool pavements and gives cities a tool to understand them for their particular setting,\u201d said Haley Gilbert, a researcher with Berkeley Lab. \u201cI cannot go to a city and say, \u2018Cool pavements are good,\u2019 without letting them know that there could be negative environmental consequences from deployment.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>From the research, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arb.ca.gov\/research\/single-project.php?row_id=65149&amp;utm_source=cool+pavements+%28chao%29&amp;utm_campaign=cool-pavements&amp;utm_medium=email\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report<\/a> was created and published, and a tool was developed to facilitate estimation of various pavements\u2019 energy and environmental consequences. The researchers used the tool themselves to conduct case studies in Los Angeles and Fresno, and will publish the results in <em>Energy and Buildings<\/em> as a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0378778817309908\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">white paper<\/a> entitled \u201cEnergy and Environmental Consequences of a Cool Pavement Campaign.\u201d The paper is bylined by Gilbert, with Pablo Rosado, Dev Millstein, and Ronnen Levinson of Berkeley Lab as co-authors. (Other contributors represent UCPRC, USC, and <a href=\"http:\/\/www1.nyc.gov\/site\/sustainability\/index.page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New York City Mayor\u2019s Office of Sustainability<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOver the life cycle of the pavement, the pavement material matters substantially more than the pavement reflectance,\u201d said Ronnen Levinson of Berkeley Lab. \u201cI was surprised to find that over 50 years, maintaining a reflective coating would require over six times as much energy as a slurry seal. The slurry seal is only rock and asphalt, which requires little energy to produce, while the reflective coating contains energy-intensive polymer.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>This study corroborates the findings of another Berkeley Lab Heat Island Group researcher, Melvin Pomerantz. When calculating energy savings and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2<\/sub>) reductions using data on electricity supplied from seven cities\u2019 power companies, Pomerantz discovered cool pavements annually generate:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>energy savings of less than 1 kWh\/m<sup>2<\/sup>;<\/li>\n<li>cost savings of less than 60 cents; and<\/li>\n<li>avoided CO<sub>2<\/sub> of less than one cent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>His results, in the form of an <em>Urban Climates<\/em> white paper titled \u201cAre Cooler Surfaces a Cost-effective Mitigation of Urban Heat Islands?\u201d, are available <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2212095517300330\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">online<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis particular analysis has not been done before,\u201d said Pomerantz. \u201cIt\u2019s important to know what does not work, as well as what does work. Not every city should have white pavements.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>It is true cool pavements are only one strategy used to reduce heat island effect\u2014other examples include planting trees for shade or employing reflective roofs and walls to prevent sunlight absorption.<\/p>\n<p>All this being said, however, there may still be some benefit to employing cool pavements\u2014short-term or not, their high albedo does reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This may become more significant when different considerations are made, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>future increases in global warming;<\/li>\n<li>economic and health benefits; and<\/li>\n<li>vehicle\/road interactions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u201cThe development of lower-energy, lower-carbon cool pavement solutions is still necessary,\u201d said Levinson.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) are putting some heat on the concept of \u2018cool\u2019 pavements, exploring whether the energy savings they offer throughout their life cycles outbalance their emissions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1836,"featured_media":36650,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1029],"tags":[3532,1371,3449,752,3286,3049,132,2362],"class_list":["post-36648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-albedo","tag-california","tag-cement","tag-concrete","tag-national","tag-pavement","tag-reflective","tag-study","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - 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