{"id":8481,"date":"2015-04-17T10:00:58","date_gmt":"2015-04-17T14:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/?p=8481"},"modified":"2017-04-04T14:49:33","modified_gmt":"2017-04-04T18:49:33","slug":"what-the-2015-international-building-code-means-for-wood-construction-part-iii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/what-the-2015-international-building-code-means-for-wood-construction-part-iii\/","title":{"rendered":"What the 2015 <em>International Building Code<\/em> means for wood construction: Part III"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>by Buddy Showalter, PE<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8483\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8483\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/bigstock-Construction-Industry-1967697.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8483\" src=\"http:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/bigstock-Construction-Industry-1967697.jpg\" alt=\"Photo \u00a9 BigStockPhoto\/flippo\" width=\"900\" height=\"598\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/bigstock-Construction-Industry-1967697.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/bigstock-Construction-Industry-1967697-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/bigstock-Construction-Industry-1967697-624x415.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8483\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo \u00a9 BigStockPhoto\/flippo<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>To help translate what the latest changes to building codes mean for opportunities in wood construction, the American Wood Council (AWC) recently introduced four new standards that are adopted by reference in the 2015 <em>International Building Code<\/em> (<em>IBC<\/em>) and the 2015 <em>International Residential Code<\/em> (<em>IRC<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Over the last two months, this author has covered updates to the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/what-the-2015-international-building-code-means-for-wood-construction-part-i\/\" target=\"_blank\">2015 <em>National Design Specification<\/em> (<em>NDS<\/em>) <em>for Wood Construction<\/em><\/a>\u00a0and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/what-the-2015-international-building-code-means-for-wood-construction-part-ii\/\" target=\"_blank\">2015 <em>Special Design Provisions for Wind and Seismic<\/em> (<em>SDPWS<\/em>)<\/a>. These standards primarily govern engineering design and construction of wood structures to resist all applicable loads including high wind and seismic forces.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8487\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8487\" style=\"width: 232px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/AWC_WFCM-2015_112014_Page_001.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8487 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/AWC_WFCM-2015_112014_Page_001-232x300.jpg\" alt=\"The 2015 edition of the Wood Frame Construction Manual (WFCM) for One- and Two-Family Dwellings provides guidance for wood-frame construction in residential as well as certain commercial structures. Images courtesy AWC\" width=\"232\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/AWC_WFCM-2015_112014_Page_001-232x300.jpg 232w, https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/AWC_WFCM-2015_112014_Page_001-772x1000.jpg 772w, https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/AWC_WFCM-2015_112014_Page_001-624x808.jpg 624w, https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/AWC_WFCM-2015_112014_Page_001.jpg 791w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8487\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">The 2015 edition of the <em>Wood Frame Construction Manual<\/em> (<em>WFCM<\/em>) <em>for One- and Two-Family Dwellings<\/em> provides guidance for wood-frame construction in residential as well as certain commercial structures. <\/span><em>Images courtesy AWC<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>This month, the 2015 edition of the ANSI\/AWC <em>Wood Frame Construction Manual<\/em> (<em>WFCM<\/em>) <em>for One- and Two-Family Dwellings<\/em> will be explored to provide guidance for wood-frame construction in residential as well as commercial structures that fit within its scoping. The <em>WFCM<\/em> includes design and construction provisions for high wind, seismic, and snow loads for connections, wall systems, floor systems, and roof systems. A range of structural elements are covered, including sawn lumber, structural glued-laminated (glulam) timber, wood structural panel sheathing, I-joists, and trusses.<\/p>\n<p>Primary changes reflected in the 2015 edition of the <em>WFCM<\/em> standard include:<br \/>\n\u25cf updated design values for visual grades of Southern Pine reflected in tabulated spans for lumber framing members as referenced in the 2015 <em>NDS Supplement: Design Values for Wood Construction<\/em>;<br \/>\n\u25cf new tables to provide prescriptive wood-frame solutions for rafters and ceiling joists in response to new live load deflection limits for ceilings using flexible finishes (including gypsum wallboard) or brittle finishes (including plaster and stucco) as adopted in the 2015 <em>IRC<\/em>; and<br \/>\n\u25cf revised header spans to reflect L\/240 live load deflection limits for members supporting only a roof and ceiling as shown in 2015 <em>IRC<\/em> and <em>IBC<\/em> tables.<br \/>\nTabulated engineered and prescriptive design provisions in <em>WFCM<\/em> chapters two and three, respectively, are based on the following loads from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 7-10, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures:<br \/>\n\u25cf 0 to 3.35 kPa (0 to 70) psf ground snow loads;<br \/>\n\u25cf 117 to 313 km\/h (110 to 195 mph) 700-year return-period, three-second gust basic wind speeds; and<br \/>\n\u25cf seismic design categories A to D.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8489\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8489\" style=\"width: 234px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/AWC_WFCM-2015_112014_Page_292.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8489 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/AWC_WFCM-2015_112014_Page_292-234x300.jpg\" alt=\"AWC_WFCM-2015_112014_Page_292\" width=\"234\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/AWC_WFCM-2015_112014_Page_292-234x300.jpg 234w, https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/AWC_WFCM-2015_112014_Page_292-781x1000.jpg 781w, https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/AWC_WFCM-2015_112014_Page_292-624x799.jpg 624w, https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/AWC_WFCM-2015_112014_Page_292.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 234px) 100vw, 234px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8489\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">This is an excerpt of 2015 WFCM Table 3.25B2 which helps clarify live load deflection criteria for different ceiling finishes.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tabulated spans for lumber framing members reflect changes to design values referenced in the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/what-the-2015-international-building-code-means-for-wood-construction-part-i\/\" target=\"_blank\">2015 <em>NDS Supplement: Design Values for Wood Construction<\/em><\/a>. Notably, the 2015 <em>NDS Supplement<\/em> incorporates new design values for visually-graded Southern pine. The American Lumber Standard Committee (ALSC) Board of Review approved changes to these design values for all grades and sizes of visually graded Southern pine and mixed Southern pine lumber with a recommended effective date of June 1, 2013.<\/p>\n<p>New tables for ceiling joist spans\/capacities, rafter spans\/capacities, and hip and valley beam capacity requirements have also been revised in the 2015 <em>WFCM<\/em> to clarify the live load deflection criteria and to associate live load deflection limits to cases with \u201cno ceiling attached\u201d and ceilings with \u201cflexible finishes\u201d and \u201cbrittle finishes.\u201d Tables are added to address deflection criteria of L\/\uf044LL=360 for brittle finishes (see example of Table 3.25B2). Flexible finishes are denoted as \u201c(including gypsum board)\u201d and brittle finishes are denoted as \u201c(including plaster and stucco).\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Finally, roof header spans were revised in the 2015 <em>WFCM<\/em> to reflect L\/240 live load deflection limits for members supporting only a roof and ceiling as shown in 2015 <em>IRC<\/em> and <em>IBC<\/em> tables. Tables are now based on L\/240 instead of L\/360 to be consistent with deflection limits for members supporting roofs and ceilings as shown in <em>IRC<\/em> Table R802.5.1 and <em>IBC<\/em> Table 2308.7.2 for rafters with ceilings attached to rafters, and <em>IRC<\/em> Table R802.4 and <em>IBC<\/em> Table 2308.7.2 for ceiling joists, respectively.<br \/>\nImportantly, new language in <em>IBC<\/em> 2309 allows for use of the <em>WFCM<\/em> for non-residential structures within its scoping limitations.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8488\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8488\" style=\"width: 234px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/AWC_WFCM-2015_112014_Page_268.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8488\" src=\"http:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/AWC_WFCM-2015_112014_Page_268-234x300.jpg\" alt=\"This excerpt from 2015 WFCM Table 3.22A1 provides consistency with International Building Code (IBC) and International Residential Code (IRC) live load deflection criteria for certain headers.\" width=\"234\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/AWC_WFCM-2015_112014_Page_268-234x300.jpg 234w, https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/AWC_WFCM-2015_112014_Page_268-781x1000.jpg 781w, https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/AWC_WFCM-2015_112014_Page_268-624x799.jpg 624w, https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/AWC_WFCM-2015_112014_Page_268.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 234px) 100vw, 234px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8488\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">This excerpt from 2015 WFCM Table 3.22A1 provides consistency with International Building Code (IBC) and International Residential Code (IRC) live load deflection criteria for certain headers.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>As per <em>IBC<\/em> 2309.1, <em>Wood Frame Construction Manual<\/em>:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;\">Structural design in accordance with the AWC <em>WFCM<\/em> shall be permitted for buildings assigned to Risk Category I or II subject to the limitations of Section 1.1.3 of the AWC <em>WFCM<\/em> and the load assumptions contained therein. Structural elements beyond these limitations shall be designed in accordance with accepted engineering practice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Examples of non-residential applications include single-story wood structures or top stories in mixed-use structures in Risk Categories I or II.<\/p>\n<p>Representing the predominant method of residential construction in the United States, history has demonstrated wood-framing to have inherent strength and durability. Today, increased industry and government focus being placed on \u2018community resiliency,\u2019 make design tools such as the <em>Wood Frame Construction Manual<\/em> become more relevant for construction.<\/p>\n<p>The <em>WFCM<\/em>\u2014available for download on the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.awc.org\" target=\"_blank\">AWC website<\/a>\u2014equips designers with engineered construction methods that result in buildings better able to withstand damage and protect occupants. Since the <em>WFCM<\/em> was first published in 1995, AWC has been providing a solution for design of wood-frame structures to resist natural disasters. Each successive edition of the standard continues to provide solutions to more severe events as required by building codes.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/what-the-2015-international-building-code-means-for-wood-construction-part-iv\/\" target=\"_blank\">fourth and final part of this series<\/a> will examine the 2015 <em>Permanent Wood Foundation Design Specification<\/em> (<em>PWF<\/em>), including structural requirements for designing wood foundations, most commonly used in the Upper Midwest. A permanent wood foundation system is intended for light-frame construction.<\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Buddy-Showalter-Headshot.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-8482\" src=\"http:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Buddy-Showalter-Headshot-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"Buddy Showalter Headshot\" width=\"100\" height=\"125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Buddy-Showalter-Headshot-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.constructionspecifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Buddy-Showalter-Headshot.jpg 392w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/><\/a>John \u201cBuddy\u201d Showalter, PE, joined the American Wood Council (AWC) in 1992, and currently serves as vice president of technology transfer. His responsibilities at AWC include oversight of publications, website, helpdesk, education and other technical media. Showalter is also a member of the editorial boards for <\/em>Wood Design Focus<em>, published by the Forest Products Society, and <\/em>STRUCTURE<em> magazine, published jointly by National Council of Structural Engineers Associations (NCSEA), American Society of Civil Engineers\/Structural Engineering Institute (ASCE\/SEI), and Council of American Structural Engineers (CASE). Before joining AWC, Showalter was technical director of the Truss Plate Institute. He can be reached at <a href=\"mailto:bshowalter@awc.org\" target=\"_blank\">bshowalter@awc.org<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> The 2015 edition of the ANSI\/AWC Wood Frame Construction Manual (WFCM) for One- and Two-Family Dwellings provides guidance for wood-frame construction in residential as well as commercial structures that fit within its scoping. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":8483,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[520,12,179,449,186,256,489,460],"tags":[1235,1877,142,1456,20],"class_list":["post-8481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-features","category-web-exclusive","category-masterformat","category-uniformat","category-06-00-00-wood-plastics-and-composites","category-06-10-00-rough-carpentry","category-b2010exterior-walls","category-b20exterior-vertical-enclosures","tag-awc","tag-ibc","tag-irc","tag-wfcm","tag-wood","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What the 2015 International Building Code means for wood construction: Part III - The Construction Specifier<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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