The need for effective air barriers as part of the building enclosure assembly separating conditioned interior space from the exterior environment is becoming better understood within the industry.

One of the most commonly observed failures in stone masonry veneers is the formation of spalls at panel edges.

Wood in masonry walls is prone to decay from moisture, making it crucial to assess deterioration risks to prevent future failures.

Historic masonry buildings often have unreinforced parapet walls, which lack vertical reinforcing in walls made of continuous multi-wythe masonry and capped with coping.